It’s no surprise that stainless steel has been welcomed across the chemical and petrochemical industries. Its ability to withstand attack from highly corrosive substances, as well as its impressive mechanical characteristics, are key factors that continue to result in high levels of demand. As industrial processes evolve and change and new challenges present themselves, exciting new applications for stainless steel are being explored in order to make the most of the key benefits offered by this material.

The main difference between stainless steel and carbon steels is the chromium content. The chromium forms a thin layer of chromium oxide on the surface – thereby stopping corrosion from penetrating the metal. Even if the oxide layer is damaged, it repairs itself quickly as fresh chromium becomes exposed and oxidised.

Another advantage is that stainless steel is recyclable. Unlike carbon steel, which does corrode, or can be contaminated by paint or plate finishes for example, stainless steel is 100% recyclable. In fact, most stainless steel objects are said to contain up to 60% recycled material.

The conditions in which stainless steel is used within petrochemical and chemical plants are critical. Treated fluids and extremely high temperatures can be particularly aggressive during operation; and environments where chloride is present, or where induced cracking occurs are key challenges.

The chemical and petrochemical industries present a unique set of challenges including cryogenic applications, elevated temperatures, highly corrosive environments, high pressure handling and the purity of final products.

Petroleum refining utilises ever more complex processes, prompting the need for chemical and mechanical engineering advances designed to increase yield and improve operational reliability. The reduction or elimination of potential pollutants from processes and products is a high priority. The industry is also seeing more emphasis on materials engineering, and increased interest in high-alloy, corrosion resistant s